Of Studies Question Answer (6 Mark)। Francis Bacon। Class 11 2nd Semester । WBCHSE
Of Studies Question Answer (6 Mark)
Of Studies – Francis Bacon
6 Mark Question Answer
1 . According to Bacon, how books are categorized ? How does it influence the minds of the readers ? (বেকনের মতে, রহস্যগুলিকে কীভাবে শ্রেণিবন্ধ করা হয় ? এটি পাঠকদের কীভাবে প্রভাবিত করে ?)
Answer –
In his essay “Of Studies” Bacon puts all books into three main categories. Then he divides them into many specific branches. According to him, each subject of knowledge has definite purpose to serve. He starts with history. He asserts that the study of history makes a man wise. Then he mentions the branches like poetry, mathematics, natural philosophy, moral, logic and rhetoric. In his opinion poetry develops our wit, mathematics makes us subtle and natural philosophy, deep. Besides, morality makes us solemn or grave and logic and rhetoric enable us to contend. Thus, Bacon catalogues books of knowledge into specific branches as per their influences on the minds of the readers.
2 . Comment on the style of the essay “Of Studies”. (“Of Studies” প্রবন্ধটির রচনাশৈলী সম্পর্কে মন্তব্য করো।) [WBCHSE Textbook]
Answer –
Bacon is called the father of English essay. His essays are expected to be the model of this genre. This is true to all of his essays including “Of Studies”. Bacon here makes some comments on the use of studies. He discusses other aspects like reading, writing, discourse, and choice of books etc. Anyway, Bacon’s comments are short and concise. He uses aphorism and antithesis, paradox and similes all the time. He does not indulge in digressions. Clarity and brevity are the hallmarks of Bacon’s style of essay. He is a worshipper of classical masters of Rome and Greece. So he shows a balance in his approach to deal with the theme with minimum words.
3 . What is the use of studies, as propagated by Bacon in his “Of Studies” ? (“Of Studies” বেকন যেভাবে বর্ণনা করেছেন সে অনুসারে অধ্যয়নের গুরুত্ব কী ?) [WBCHSE Textbook]
[0R],
What are the benefits of studies? How does Bacon explain them in his essay “Of Studies” ? (অধ্যয়নের উপকারিতাগুলি কী কী? বেকন তাঁর “Of Studies” প্রবন্ধে কীভাবে সেগুলি ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন ?)
Answer –
Bacon mentions three main benefits of studies. They are for delight, ornament and ability. He says that a man can enjoy his studies most in his solitariness and leisure. By studies he learns how to present his discourse effectively and beautifully. Thus studies help a man acquire the art of rhetorical devices. Last but not the least, studies teach a man to face the reality. They enable man to judge the affairs of life and lead him make the disposition of business most sensibly. Bacon means to say that by studying man does full justice to his thirst for knowledge. They also develop his skills required to lead a good practical life.
Bacon explains his statement by arguments. His aphorism needs a clarification. So he puts forward sufficient logic in support of his maxim.
4 . What happens when we study ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ ? Why does Bacon oppose both ? ( আমরা যখন ‘খুব বেশি অধ্যয়ন করি’ ও ‘খুব কম অধ্যয়ন করি’ তখন কী ঘটে ? বেকন উভয়ের-ই বিরোধিতা করেন কেন ? )
Answer –
Bacon advises us not to spend too much time in studies. He says it is a sign of idleness. Bacon does not make any further comment on this issue. But it is clear from the essay that he attaches much importance on observations and experience. An all time reader hardly finds any time to observe life. He may become a dreamer. So Bacon opposes ‘too much reading.
Reversely, Bacon opposes ‘too little reading. Too little reading gives us ignorance. An ignorant man can’t escape the business of life. But he can’t perform it well. Hence he resorts to tricks and deception. He poses as he knows all. So ‘too little reading’ like ‘too much reading’ is not acceptable to Bacon. Actually he seeks a golden means in studies and life as well.
5 . How does Bacon guide us in our choice of books? Why do you think his guidance is still relevant ? (বেকন কীভাবে আমাদের পুস্তক নির্বাচনে পথনির্দেশ করেছেন? কেন তোমার মনে হয় যে তাঁর নির্দেশনা আজও প্রাসঙ্গিক ?)
Answer –
In his essay, “Of Studies” Bacon offers wise guidance in choice of books. He classifies all books into three main types. He tells us to taste some books. He means here to read them partially. Then Bacon says that some books are to be swallowed. Here means that we should read those books fully but not curiously. Then there are very few books which are to be chewed and digested. Here Bacon says that we have to read those few books with ‘diligence and attention.
Bacon’s guidance in the choice of books is still relevant. Still we are to choose books as per our need. We don’t read all books with same importance. Today we live in a world of information. We need to share our thoughts and feelings with others. In this respect we must take the counsels of Bacon.
6 . How can we, according to Bacon, best use our studies ? (বেকনের মতে আমরা অধ্যয়ন কীভাবে সর্বোত্তমভাবে ব্যবহার করতে পারি ?)
Answer –
Bacon says that studies serve for delight, ornament and ability. We are delighted to read books. We learn to use beautiful language by reading books. We acquire ability by reading books. Bacon thinks that the chief use of studying lies in the achievement of ability. Bacon likes us to lead a good life. Bacon also wants us to be successful and happy in material sense. He feels education only can bring material happiness. So what we best require is to exercise our ability. Ability means sense of judgment and power of observation. Studies impart these to us. With this ability we are able to judge and perform the business of life. So studies if used to deal with practical matters benefit us most.
7 . What are the utilities of reading, conference and writing as stated by Bacon in his essay “Of Studies” ? Do you support his view ? If yes, why, and if not, why ? (বেকন তাঁর “Of Studies” প্রবন্ধে পঠন, কথোপকথন ও লিখনের কোন্ কোন্ উপযোগিতার কথা উল্লেখ করেছেন ? তুমি কি তাঁর মত সমর্থন করো ? যদি করো, তাহলে কেন? আর যদি না-করো, তাহলেই বা কেন ?)
Answer –
In his essay Bacon makes a very valuable comment about reading, conference and writing. These are the most important skills that we need in practical life. Reading, says Bacon makes a full man. It means that by studying books a man feels that he gains knowledge. Bacon next observes the value of conference. By conference he suggests communication skills. Conference indeed makes a man ready. He is smart, quick in response. The third skill is one of writing. Bacon says that writing makes a man exact. It means that writing demands accuracy, flawlessness of things put down on papers.
I fully agree with Bacon. Reading, speaking and listening and writing combine to fulfill the mission of education in practical sense.
8 . State the central idea of the essay “Of Studies.” (‘অফ স্টাডিস’ এর মূল ভাবনাটি ব্যাখ্যা করো।)
Bacon’s essay “Of Studies” proves to be a well-rounded literacy piece of the English Renaissance, emphasising the values and importance of education. He classifies studies according to the purposes they serve: for delight, ornament and ability. While studies offer many advantages, Bacon warns against extremes. Studying too much can lead to laziness, using knowledge for showmanship is shallow and relying solely on bookish knowledge can hinder practical application. In Bacon’s view, different individuals take different approaches to studies. Crafty men “condemn” it, simple men “admire” it, and wise men “use” it. He acknowledges the role of practical implementation of theoretical knowledge in life. This essay also makes a point about quality reading, analysing the text and building valid arguments based on it. Bacon compares studies of specific subjects with appropriate exercises to counter the flaws and address issues in the thought process of an individual
9 . Explain, how different subjects make impact on a person. (ব্যাখ্যা করো, কীভাবে বিভিন্ন বিষয় একজন ব্যক্তির ওপর প্রভাব ফেলে।)
[Or],
Discuss how Bacon explains the role of different subjects in a well balanced education system.
(কীভাবে বেকন একটি সুষম ভারসাম্য পূর্ণ শিক্ষাব্যবস্থায় বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের ভূমিকা ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন ?)
Answer –
In the essay “Of Studies” by Sir Francis Bacon, he introduces readers with the concept of subject specific studies to create impact on human mind. He, being a firm believer in the Renaissance philosophy tries to implement studies to create greater impact on the flaws of thought process of an individual. Here, Bacon talks about the impact of different subjects. History makes men wise. Poetry makes men witty. Mathematics makes one subtle. Natural philosophy makes an individual deep and logic and rhetoric makes men able to contend. Bacon compares studies of different subjects to address the flaws of psychological state of an individual with appropriate physical exercises to counter different ailments of human body. As an example, he even advises readers when to study specific subjects like mathematics, schoolmen and lawyers’ cases.
10 . How does Bacon argue that studies can shape a person’s character ? (বেকন কীভাবে যুক্তি দেন যে অধ্যয়ন একজন ব্যক্তির চরিত্র গঠন করতে পারে ?)
Answer –
Sir Francis Bacon, being a firm believer of Individualistic ideology of Renaissance, expresses his views on how studies shape a person’s character in the essay “Of Studies.” The essay makes a portrayal of studies’ importance in nurturing natural abilities of any person. Bacon suggests that studying different subjects can create impact on an individual in different ways. History makes a man wise. Poetry makes one witty. Mathematics influences an individual to be subtle. Natural philosophy makes man deep; and logic and rhetoric makes man able to contend. Bacon, here, beautifully uses a latin phrase “Abeunt studia in mores” which actually means, “studies pass into and influence manners.” Just as different diseases of body needs appropriate excercises, studies of different subjects can address different issues in intellectual level specific to the individual.
11 . Explain the importance of experience and observation in studies as described in “Of Studies.” (“অফ স্টাডিজ”-এ বর্ণিত অধ্যয়নে অভিজ্ঞতা ও পর্যবেক্ষণের গুরুত্ব ব্যাখ্যা করো।)
Answer –
Highlighting the importance of studies, Bacon’s essay illustrates the role it plays in an individual’s daily life. The essay provides us with the argument that studies are bounded by experience. Bacon, being a firm believer of practical application of knowledge base, suggests to stop spending excessive amount of time in just reading some books and gathering theoretical knowledge. Rather he advises to be like “wise men,” who “use” their studies. This needs deeper understanding and active engagement with the text. Experience can complement bookish knowledge, it helps in developing critical thinking, refines the knowledge more for practical approach and promotes active learning. Studies are best undertaken through the process of reading, conferencing and writing. Where, participating in conference is a practical approach towards studies, which builds the experience of debating and conservation skills; writing gives exposure to critical thinking and forming one’s own opinions.
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